Garlic Market

The global garlic market is on an upward trend driven by increasing demand worldwide. Market performance is forecasted to expand with a CAGR of +2.0% in volume and +3.9% in value from 2022 to 2030. China dominates both production and consumption of garlic, with significant growth rates. In terms of exports, China remains the largest supplier with exports amounting to 81% of the total in 2022. Spain is the second-largest exporter showing positive growth trends. On the other hand, Indonesia is the largest importer of garlic, followed by Malaysia and the United States. Import prices vary significantly among countries, with the Netherlands having the highest price per ton in 2022. Overall, the global garlic market is expected to continue its growth trajectory in the coming years.

Market Forecast

Driven by increasing demand for garlic worldwide, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next eight-year period. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +2.0% for the period from 2022 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 34M tons by the end of 2030.

In value terms, the market is forecast to increase with an anticipated CAGR of +3.9% for the period from 2022 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market value to $46.7B (in nominal prices) by the end of 2030.

Consumption

World Consumption of Garlic

Global garlic consumption reached 29M tons in 2022, approximately reflecting the previous year's figure. The total consumption volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. Over the period under review, global consumption attained the peak volume in 2022 and is likely to continue growth in the near future.

The global garlic market value fell to $34.4B in 2022, waning by -2.2% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers' margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.3% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. As a result, consumption attained the peak level of $44.1B. From 2017 to 2022, the growth of the global market remained at a somewhat lower figure.

Consumption By Country

The country with the largest volume of garlic consumption was China (19M tons), accounting for 67% of total volume. Moreover, garlic consumption in China exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest consumer, India (3.2M tons), sixfold. Bangladesh (598K tons) ranked third in terms of total consumption with a 2.1% share.

In China, garlic consumption increased at an average annual rate of +1.3% over the period from 2012-2022. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: India (+10.3% per year) and Bangladesh (+8.8% per year).

In value terms, China ($20.2B) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was held by India ($2.4B). It was followed by Bangladesh.

In China, the garlic market increased at an average annual rate of +1.3% over the period from 2012-2022. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: India (+13.7% per year) and Bangladesh (+7.8% per year).

In 2022, the highest levels of garlic per capita consumption was registered in China (14 kg per person), followed by Bangladesh (3.6 kg per person), India (2.3 kg per person) and Indonesia (2.1 kg per person), while the world average per capita consumption of garlic was estimated at 3.7 kg per person.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of the garlic per capita consumption in China was relatively modest. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Bangladesh (+7.7% per year) and India (+9.1% per year).

Production

World Production of Garlic

Global garlic production stood at 29M tons in 2022, therefore, remained relatively stable against 2021. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% over the period from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 when the production volume increased by 7.8%. Global production peaked in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in years to come. The general positive trend in terms output was largely conditioned by a pronounced increase of the harvested area and a relatively flat trend pattern in yield figures.

In value terms, garlic production dropped to $34B in 2022 estimated in export price. Overall, production enjoyed a measured increase. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2016 with an increase of 120%. As a result, production reached the peak level of $68.8B. From 2017 to 2022, global production growth remained at a lower figure.

Production By Country

China (21M tons) constituted the country with the largest volume of garlic production, comprising approx. 73% of total volume. Moreover, garlic production in China exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, India (3.2M tons), sevenfold.

From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of volume in China stood at +1.5%. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: India (+10.1% per year) and Bangladesh (+8.5% per year).

Yield

In 2022, the global average garlic yield amounted to 18 tons per ha, growing by 1.8% on 2021 figures. In general, the yield saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2019 with an increase of 5.6% against the previous year. The global yield peaked at 18 tons per ha in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2022, the yield remained at a lower figure.

Harvested Area

The global garlic harvested area shrank modestly to 1.7M ha in 2022, standing approx. at 2021 figures. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +1.4% from 2012 to 2022; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2015 when the harvested area increased by 5.7% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the harvested area dedicated to garlic production reached the peak figure at 1.7M ha in 2021, and then reduced modestly in the following year.

Imports

World Imports of Garlic

In 2022, the amount of garlic imported worldwide rose to 2.2M tons, surging by 1.5% against 2021. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.9% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2020 with an increase of 26%. As a result, imports reached the peak of 2.4M tons. From 2021 to 2022, the growth of global imports failed to regain momentum.

In value terms, garlic imports fell to $2.9B in 2022. Overall, total imports indicated resilient growth from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +5.5% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, imports decreased by -7.4% against 2020 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2016 when imports increased by 41%. Over the period under review, global imports attained the peak figure at $3.1B in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, imports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Imports By Country

In 2022, Indonesia (566K tons) was the largest importer of garlic, comprising 26% of total imports. Malaysia (163K tons) held the second position in the ranking, followed by the United States (120K tons) and Brazil (120K tons). All these countries together held near 18% share of total imports. The United Arab Emirates (84K tons), Vietnam (81K tons), Bangladesh (71K tons), Pakistan (59K tons), Russia (49K tons), the Netherlands (39K tons), Thailand (36K tons), Colombia (36K tons) and Myanmar (34K tons) followed a long way behind the leaders.

Imports into Indonesia increased at an average annual rate of +3.2% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, Myanmar (+133.9%), Vietnam (+30.3%), Bangladesh (+12.0%), the United Arab Emirates (+8.5%), Pakistan (+7.6%), Malaysia (+6.0%), the United States (+4.9%), the Netherlands (+2.6%), Russia (+1.9%) and Colombia (+1.8%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Myanmar emerged as the fastest-growing importer imported in the world, with a CAGR of +133.9% from 2012-2022. Thailand experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, Brazil (-2.7%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. From 2012 to 2022, the share of Vietnam, Bangladesh and Myanmar increased by +3.3, +1.7 and +1.6 percentage points, respectively. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Indonesia ($598M) constitutes the largest market for imported garlic worldwide, comprising 21% of global imports. The second position in the ranking was taken by the United States ($243M), with an 8.5% share of global imports. It was followed by Brazil, with a 5.5% share.

In Indonesia, garlic imports expanded at an average annual rate of +9.4% over the period from 2012-2022. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: the United States (+4.8% per year) and Brazil (-1.6% per year).

Import Prices By Country

The average garlic import price stood at $1,307 per ton in 2022, declining by -7.2% against the previous year. Over the last decade, it increased at an average annual rate of +1.5%. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2016 when the average import price increased by 41% against the previous year. As a result, import price attained the peak level of $1,595 per ton. From 2017 to 2022, the average import prices remained at a somewhat lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by country of destination: amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was the Netherlands ($2,219 per ton), while Bangladesh ($504 per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Indonesia (+6.1%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports

World Exports of Garlic

Global garlic exports reached 2.5M tons in 2022, picking up by 5.7% compared with the previous year. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.8% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2020 when exports increased by 24% against the previous year. As a result, the exports attained the peak of 2.7M tons. From 2021 to 2022, the growth of the global exports remained at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, garlic exports dropped to $2.7B in 2022. Overall, total exports indicated a moderate increase from 2012 to 2022: its value increased at an average annual rate of +3.3% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, exports decreased by -13.6% against 2020 indices. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2016 with an increase of 46%. As a result, the exports reached the peak of $3.6B. From 2017 to 2022, the growth of the global exports remained at a lower figure.

Exports By Country

China dominates exports structure, amounting to 2M tons, which was approx. 81% of total exports in 2022. Spain (165K tons) ranks second in terms of the total exports with a 6.5% share, followed by Argentina (4.7%).

From 2012 to 2022, average annual rates of growth with regard to garlic exports from China stood at +3.7%. At the same time, Spain (+7.5%) and Argentina (+3.1%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Spain emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the world, with a CAGR of +7.5% from 2012-2022. Spain (+1.9 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the global exports, while the shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, China ($1.8B) remains the largest garlic supplier worldwide, comprising 66% of global exports. The second position in the ranking was held by Spain ($404M), with a 15% share of global exports.

In China, garlic exports expanded at an average annual rate of +2.6% over the period from 2012-2022. The remaining exporting countries recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Spain (+8.2% per year) and Argentina (+0.4% per year).

Export Prices By Country

In 2022, the average garlic export price amounted to $1,081 per ton, waning by -16.6% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the export price showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2015 when the average export price increased by 19% against the previous year. The global export price peaked at $1,428 per ton in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2022, the export prices failed to regain momentum.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2022, amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Spain ($2,444 per ton), while China ($882 per ton) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Spain (+0.7%), while the other global leaders experienced a decline in the export price figures.

Source: IndexBox Market Intelligence Platform